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Flucloxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant antibiotic effective against Gram-positive bacteria. It blocks bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidase enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins), weakening the wall and causing cell lysis. It resists hydrolysis by penicillinase due to steric hindrance from its acyl side chain, making it highly effective against resistant strains.
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✅ Description:
- Fluclox 250 is indicated for treating bacterial infections caused by Gram-positive organisms, particularly penicillinase-producing staphylococci. Conditions include:
- Skin & soft tissue infections: Boils, abscesses, carbuncles, infected wounds, eczema, acne, cellulitis, impetigo, otitis media/externa, and burns.
- Respiratory tract infections: Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, quinsy, sinusitis, pneumonia, lung abscess, empyema.
- Other infections: Osteomyelitis, enteritis, endocarditis, urinary tract infections, meningitis, septicaemia.
- Prophylaxis: Used before major surgeries like cardiothoracic or orthopedic procedures to prevent infections.
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✔️ Side Effects
Common Side Effects
- Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Allergic: Rash, urticaria, fever
- Others: Injection site pain/swelling (for IV/IM use)
Serious & Rare Side Effects
- Cholestatic jaundice
- Hepatitis
- Interstitial nephritis
- Blood disorders (e.g., neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
- CNS effects (e.g., seizures)
- Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
✔️
Dosage & Administration
Oral (on an empty stomach, 1 hour before meals):
- Adults: 250 mg 4 times daily; up to 8 g/day in severe infections like osteomyelitis or endocarditis.
- Children (2–10 years): Half of the adult dose.
- Children (<2 years): One-quarter of the adult dose.
Parenteral (IM/IV):
- Adults: 250 mg to 1 g 4 times daily; can be doubled in severe infections.
- Children (2–10 years): Half the adult dose.
- Children (<2 years): One-quarter of the adult dose.
Reconstitution for IV: Dissolve 250–500 mg in 5–10 mL of water for injection. For IV infusion, further dilute in suitable fluids like 0.9% NaCl or 5% glucose.
✔️ Words of Advice:
- Complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve early.
- Take on an empty stomach for better absorption.
- Consult your doctor if diarrhea persists or severe side effects develop.
- Report any allergic reaction immediately.
✔️ Mechanism of Action
Flucloxacillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), preventing peptidoglycan cross-linking, leading to bacterial lysis.
✔️ Missed Dose
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered. If it’s close to the next scheduled dose, skip the missed one. Do not double the dose.
✔️ Use in Special Populations
- Renal Impairment (CrCl <10 ml/min): Adjust dosage or extend interval.
- Pregnancy: Generally safe (FDA Category B), use only if necessary.
- Lactation: Use with caution; may be present in breast milk.
- Elderly: Dose as in adults, with consideration for renal function.
✔️ Interaction
- May increase methotrexate toxicity
- May reduce the effectiveness of estrogen-based contraceptives
- Probenecid can raise plasma levels of flucloxacillin
- Chloramphenicol and tetracyclines may reduce their bactericidal activity
- May enhance bleeding risk when used with oral anticoagulants
✔️ Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to penicillins
- History of penicillin-induced cholestatic jaundice/hepatitis
- Porphyria
✔️ Use cautiously in patients with:
- Liver dysfunction
- Allergic history (especially penicillin sensitivity)
- Heart failure or renal impairment (high doses may cause neurotoxicity)
Avoid prolonged use to prevent superinfections. Monitor liver, renal, and hematologic status during extended therapy.
✔️ Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct light and heat. Keep out of reach of children.
Disclaimer:
ePharma sole intention is to ensure that its consumers get proper
information as musch as possible. Although we do not guarantee the
accuracy and the completeness of the information that provided and
here information is for informational purposes only.
The information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute
for the advice of a qualified physician. This may not cover
everything about particular health conditions,
lab tests, medicines, all possible side effects, drug interactions,
warnings, alerts, etc. Please consult your healthcare professional
and discuss all your queries related to any disease or medicine. We
intend to support, not replace, the doctor-patient relationship.
